The study examines the demographic situation and the social moods towards emigration in the Smolyan municipality (on the example of the village of Smilyan), by attempting to take a deeper insight into the reasons leading to the depopulation of the municipality and to the current economic and social development. The study is based on the results of a questionnaire survey about the matters of the demographic crisis and migration, conducted in the summer of 2017, as well as on discussions with business representatives and key public bodies. The regional policies and strategies concerning the economic development of the municipality are also considered.